The Underrepresentation Of Female Athletes - 2748 Words

Underrepresentation of Female Athletes in Sports Television Coverage Abby Rice University of Missouri-Columbia Introduction ESPN commentator Michael Wilbon once described American soccer star Mia Hamm as â€Å"perhaps the most important athlete of the last fifteen years† (Zirin, 2007, p. 46). As a forward for the United States women’s national soccer team, she held the record for international goals, more than any other player, male or female, until 2013. After a pair of Olympic gold medals, two World Cup titles and a place in the National Soccer Hall of Fame, Hamm announced her retirement from the sport in 2004. As the curtain fell on Hamm’s legendary career, her retirement was met with a wall of silence from the media. Mia Hamm’s illustrious career slipped silently from the public’s radar with little pomp and circumstance. The media reaction, or lack thereof, toward Hamm’s retirement was not accidental. The sporting world has long been characterized by its inadequate coverage of female athletes. New York Times journalist Karen Crouse described this lack of coverage seen for female sports. Crouse said the modern day female athlete feels â€Å"as if she is the sum total of her physical assets—or invisible† (LaVoi, 2013, p. 40). While the number of women participating in high school, collegiate and professional sports has skyrocketed since the passage of Title IX, the coverage of female athletes has continued to pale in comparison to their male counterparts. InShow MoreRelatedUnrealistic Body Ideals And Eating Disorders Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesthese kinds of burgers if they want to achieve the unrealistic body type. However, this is typical for advertisement. No matter what the commercial is trying to advertise, sexually objected women can be used to sell it (Wood 242). Not only are the females portrayed stereotypically in this commercial but the stereotypical man is also depicted. The desirable image of men in general is shown â€Å"as strong, aggressive, and dominant† (Wood 243) and that is exactly how the men are depicted in this commercialRead MoreImproving the Perception of Female Athletes Essay example898 Words   |  4 Pagescredit or recognition for said passion predominantly because of your gender. Because of how the media perceives women in sports, female athletes receive a lot less attention than male competitors. The most appropriate steps to improve this issue would have to be to have a day dedicated to the appreciation of female athletes, increasing the pay of the female professional athletes, and constricting Title IX. To begin, women’s sports do not receive nearly as much credit or air time as men’s sports do. WhenRead MoreRepresentation of Athletes in the Media2358 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen an abundance literature on the subject of the representation of female athletes in the media, from television coverage and newspapers to magazines and websites. From ancient Greece where it was not allowed for women to partake in or even watch the Olympic Games and the power and independence of the Amazonian tribal warrior woman, to present day and the struggles with underrepresentation and misrepresentation of female athletes in sport media (George, Hartley, Paris, 2001; Creedon, 1994; BernsteinRead MoreThe Advancement Of Women s Sports964 Words   |  4 Pagesplay still plague many women who are trying to enter the field of competitive sports. These hindrances are unfair, prejudiced, and discriminatory. They cannot--and should not--continue. Perhaps the most notable inequality in sports is the underrepresentation of women in media. According to a study carried out by the U.N., the broadcast of women’s sports covers only 2% of all sports broadcasting, 1.4% in radio, and 6.8% in magazine publications (United Nations, 2000). Only one in fifty sports programsRead MoreWomen s Leadership Position Within The Sport Industry972 Words   |  4 Pagespeople are indifferent. Women have dealt with equality issues throughout history, but how do they compare in this day and age within a male dominated profession, like athletics? The purpose of this study is to look into what men and women think about females in team sport leadership positions, and why they feel that way. This study allowed the researchers to ask men and women already in the field of team sport leadership if there was still a lacking, how they feel about it, and what needs to be done forRead MoreAnalysis Of A Miniature Lit 1742 Words   |  7 Pagesa retired professor of sociology in sport at the University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, the dominant gender ideology that we the majority of society follows is centered upon three major beliefs. The first is that human beings are either male or female (Coakley, 2015). The second is that heterosexuality is the foundation for human reproduction and anything outside of heterosexuality is immoral or abnormal (Coakley, 2015). The last is that men are physically stronger and more rational than womenRead MoreMass Media Has A Significant Impact On Gender Roles And Gender Stereotypes1978 Words   |  8 Pagesexpectation that they be strong, brave, and confident. This causes an undue burden on the men that are unable to fulfill these gendered expectations. First, I want to explore the stereotype that, â€Å"women belong in the household, and that their role as females is limited to the house†. In class, we read and discussed Pat Mainari’s â€Å"The Politics of Housework†, in which she discusses her personal experience in trying to â€Å"equally† split up house chores with her husband. Mainari noted the highlights of thisRead MoreGender Labeling And Gender Stereotypes1551 Words   |  7 PagesBeliefs about the typical attributes of males and females are Gender Stereotypes (Deaux Kite, 1993). Gender labeling is frequently used in global broadcasting to boost characteristics of how a certain people; those in control of the broadcast- view gender roles and how they want society to view them also. Stereotyping is prevalent in popular television shows, music videos, the workforce and various other advertisement billboards in the U.S. It is difficult to oppose the stereotypical behavior thatRead MoreMedias Effect on Societys Perspectives Essay1910 Words   |  8 Pagesa misunderstanding or prejudice against certain people based solely off of what one views in the media. Similarly, the fourth sociological viewpoint, feminism, finds discomfort in the construction of reality issue as well, specifically the underrepresentation and misrepresentation of women. Stereotypical portrayals of women include the damsel in distress or the shallow-and-obsessed-with-appearance roles to name a few. Continually, womens sports, both professional and collegiate, receive littleRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society Essay2427 Words   |  10 Pagesplatform to display African American males in a negative way that influence the way others view and have attitudes towards them in society. These same negative attitudes often affect how black males view themselves. One main cause of this is the underrepresentation of African American males in the media. Black males are singled handled one of the lowest ethnic groups that are seen on television with a positive story. When watching mainstream television, there is an over exaggeration of content and an unfair

Adoption Worth The Cost Should Adopting A Child Be Free

Adoption Worth the Cost Should adopting a child be free? As a first response, many people would answer â€Å"Yes, adoption should be free,† arguing that there should not be a price tag on children, or that adoption is unreasonably expensive. Others may argue that â€Å"No, it should not be free,† because it may unknowingly put the adoptees at risk for danger, while the children are easily accessible. Adoptions were created to give children, whose biological parents could not care for them, a new and affectionate home, and for couples who wanted children, but could not have them biologically because of health reasons. Today, many people adopt children to add on to their family. With adoption being free, many â€Å"unfit† people would qualify to be†¦show more content†¦The Adoption of Children Act was the first law to give children an actual voice in the adoption process. Although people now adopt children with good intentions, before the Adoption of Child ren Act was passed, there were many people who would adopt the children for the purpose of child labor. As noted by Wayne Carp, author of Adoption in America: Historical Perspectives: Adoption did not emerge as the preferred system of child care in the early nineteenth century because elite families with whom the children were placed often treated them as servants rather than family members. Most significantly, Porter finds that rather than the happy, successful adoption outcomes often portrayed by those favoring adoption, 20 percent of adopted children had negative family experiences. (Carp 3-4) New York was the home of the first adoption agencies from 1910 to 1930. They were created by Clara Spence, Alice Chaplin, and Florence Walrath. All three women shared the same ideas, they felt as though children born â€Å"out of wedlock† should be given up for adoption to a husband and wife, completing the family (â€Å"Adoption History: First Specialized†). Adoption cannot be free logically, because of all the costs and expenses involved during the process. If not from those who want to be adoptive parents, then where will the required money come from? If the government were to provide free adoptions, the funds needed would cut into other resources. GeoffShow MoreRelatedFactors That Affect The Child Welfare Information Gateway Listed Above2213 Words   |  9 PagesCorrespondingly, as we put a price on a child who is up for adoption, we objectify them by placing a value on their worth. According to the same Child Welfare Information Gateway listed above, â€Å"factors that can affect costs, include the type of adoption, type of placement agency or facilitator, and child’s age and circumstances† (â€Å"Child Welfare Information,† 2004, p. 2). For example, a healthy, white infant costs much more than a healthy black infant. We are putting a price on qualities these childrenRead MoreUnderstanding Employee s Motivation Group Project Essay2159 Words   |  9 Pagessatisfaction, employee commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. However, employees do not give much importance to pay and benefits as studies indicate. Also they emphasize not only the importance and positive engagement decisions, also concern cost-benefit analysis for engagement decision. ​Many researches have tried to identify motivating factors of employees leading to high level employee engagement in organization. The big motivators including: ​Honest, frequent two-way communication betweenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility in Banks2893 Words   |  12 PagesThe concept implies that when companies evaluate decision from an critical perspective there should be presumption in favor of adopting course of action that enhance the welfare of society at large. The goals selected might be quite specific. - To enhance the welfare of communities in which company is based. - To improve the environment - To empower employees to give them a sense of self worth. Different views on social responsibility Friedman’s Traditional View of Business ResponsibilityRead MoreEssay on Retention of Volunteers in the Context of Motivation Theory6361 Words   |  26 Pagesunderlying factors in long term commitment of volunteers to community service organisations. In general, these studies identify reasons that volunteers stay or leave, with remarkably consistent outcomes. The studies then recommend that management should provide members with what they say they want [such as opportunities for training, acquisition of new skills, helping the community]. With the exception of Rick Lynch [Lynch 2000], who related volunteering to motivation to some extent, the authorsRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pagesthe ‘empowerment’ of women. However, there remains much debate over exactly what this role should look like, as well as over exactly what is meant by the concept of ‘women’s empowerment.’ Much of the debate centers on the perceived tradeoffs between women’s empowerment efforts and organizational financial sustainability. Many microfinance institutions (MFIs) struggle with if and how they should incorporate empowerment strategies in their organizations in light of these perceived tradeoffsRead MoreMarketing Communications Notes17720 Words   |  71 PagesWe address the moral and ethical issues faced by marketers and look at the steps taken by governments and industry associations to regulate marketing practices. We finish the unit with a discussion of social responsibility and how and why marketers should engage in positive and socially responsible marketing activities. In this unit, you need to refer to: 1 2 3 Chapters 1, 13 and 14 in your Clow and Baack textbook; this study unit, Unit 1; and Readings 1.1–1.4: †¢ ‘Marketing ethics and behavioural predispositionsRead MoreHrm5999437 Words   |  38 PagesBenefit plans Employer-sponsored benefits reflect the culture and business of the organization, and plans should be crafted and selected accordingly. Think about your current (or former) organizations benefit plan. Did it help to improve the quality of your work as well as your personal life? Why or why not? Was it a generous benefits program or were there specific benefits you felt should have been included? We want more time off Today people are looking for benefits what will help them manageRead MoreHow Technology Affects Consumer Behaviour?14761 Words   |  60 PagesISSN 1822-6515ISSN 1822-6515 EKONOMIKA IR VADYBA: 2009. 14ECONOMICS amp; MANAGEMENT: 2009. 14 IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Elina Gaile-Sarkane Riga T echnical University, Latvia, elina.gaile-sarkane@rtu.lv Abstract Fast development of equipment and technologies, economic globalization and many other external circumstances stimulate the changes in consumer behavior. Usually consumer behavior has drawn upon theories developed in related fields of study of human behavior suchRead MoreGender Pay Gap14271 Words   |  58 Pagesjury awarded her back pay and more than $3 million in damages. But in the end, she lost her case in the U.S. Supreme Court. A conservative majority led by Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. ruled that under the nation s main anti-discrimination law she should have filed a formal complaint with the federal government within 180 days of the first time Goodyear discriminated against her in pay. Never mind, the court said, that Ledbetter didn t learn about the pay disparity for years.The Supreme Court saidRead MoreWhat Are Cultural Factors That Promote Caribbean Integration6924 Words   |  28 PagesBrunswick, Bankstown or Elizabeth because the company for which you work has been bough t out by the Australian subsidiary of a Dallas-based transnational company that has decided to relocate its production of T-shirts to Mexico because of cheaper wage costs and lower health and safety standards. It is what happens when you finally get a new job in Brisbane under a new employment contract that lowers your wages and conditions and your boss explains that this is essential to compete with Mexican, or Indonesian

Cause and effect free essay sample

99.9 percent of American does this every day, and it has become a habit that we should all stop doing to better our safety. I’m sure you are thinking what this could be because everyone doses many things each day. I bet you have guessed it Texting and driving, you don’t realize how many people take part in texting and driving every second of the day, but none of can really tell the cause of why we all do it but we can assume why people text and drive. In today’s society almost everyone has a cell phone and has internet and texting, but we don’t text, tweet or Facebook in correct place we choose to do it when we shouldn’t. Texting and driving is becoming a law in the world because it is causing numerous wrecks its just like drinking and driving it’s just as bad. Yes, the cause does lead to the effect, but the effect is the main point of your thesis with the cause, your argument. Let’s look at a simple example: By drinking enough martinis, I will soon destroy my liver. Cause (why): By drinking enough martinis Effect (what): I will soon destroy my liver See? Drinking martinis answers â€Å"why,† and â€Å"what â€Å"is answered by my soon-to-be destroyed liver. So the actual topic of your essay is the martini. Your opinion or slant on the topic: drink enough of them and you will destroy your liver. So your plan of development or three points of argument will be based on reasons â€Å"why† drinking martinis destroys the liver. You must prove that the cause leads to the effect. Now don’t be fooled by a post hoc fallacy. The American Heritage Dictionary defines post hoc as â€Å"in or of the form of an argument in which one event is asserted to be the cause of a later event simply by the virtue of having happened earlier. † The cause must yield the effect. Because you threw salt over your shoulder before an airplane flight and then had a safe flight, there is no evidence that the salt over the shoulder is the reason your flight was safe. Capish? You MUST back up your claim with a good argument and references that back up your argument. Here are some essential rules for this essay: You must offer at least two works cited You must have at least one quotation from our readings, properly cited. Your essay must be typed in proper MLA format The checklists and outline in this packet must be filled out and handed in You will hand in early rough drafts with your essay You will read, or have another student read, your opening paragraph to the class. *Please see the â€Å"Checklist for Required Work†: for more on this, later in this handout. Here is your essay prompt: What incident, event, or occurrence happened in your life that made you realize you are different from other people? Essay Review: What is expected in the basic essay. Introductory Paragraph Introduction Plan of development: points 1. 2. 3 Thesis Statement The introduction must attract the reader. The plan of development is a list of points that support the thesis. The points are offered in the order they are given. Thesis: the main idea in two parts: topic and your opinion. First Supporting Paragraph Topic sentence (point 1) Specific evidence The topic sentence is the first supporting point for your thesis, and the specific evidence delves into you topic sentence Second Supporting Paragraph Topic sentence (point 2) Specific evidence The topic sentence advances the second supporting point for your thesis, and the specific evidence develops that point. Third Supporting Paragraph Topic sentence (point 3) Specific evidence The topic sentence advances the third supporting point for your thesis, and the specific evidence develops that point. Concluding Paragraph Summary, conclusion or both A summary is a broad restatement of the thesis and its main points. A Conclusion is a final thought or tow stemming from the subject of the paper. Common Methods of Introduction. 1. Broad Statement: Using factory work as an example, you might start out by saying the following: Working in a factory might be one of the worst jobs. And then you go into the specific factory that you’re writing about, for example, an egg factory. 2. Contrast: Start with an idea that is the opposite of the one you will develop: working in an office is a nice, clean job. You have comfortable chairs, a desk, a computer, a cup of coffee nearby, but working in a factory does not have the niceties found in an office. 3. Relevance: What makes your topic special? Convince the reader that the topic applies to them or is important. So many of our ancestors, when they first came to this country, found themselves working in factories. 4. Anecdote: An interesting short story that coaxes the reader into the world of your essay. The story should be related to your thesis. I once met a man named Victor who was missing two of his fingers. Victor told me that he lost his fingers because of an accident at work. He caught his hand in the wheels of a conveyor belt at the egg factory where he worked. 5. Quotation: Quote something from your research, or find a dictionary quote that relates to your topic: â€Å"Perhaps it seemed to me,† Wrote Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any time for that one† (342). This is how I felt after working in an egg factory for two years. I had other lives to live. I had wasted enough of my life here. Concluding Paragraph The concluding paragraph should summarize the essay by restating the thesis and even restating the main supporting points. Also, the conclusion brings your paper to a graceful end, leaving the reader with a final thought on the subject. Here is where you get to offer your opinion on the subject. Three Ways to Conclude You Paper using La Jolla Shores (a local beach) as an example. 1. End with a summary or final thought: La Jolla Shores, then, is one of the most inviting beaches in San Diego. The beaches there are wider, cleaner, and safer. It is not surprising that a growing number of San Diegans are traveling to La Jolla Shores to experience this great beach. 2. A thought-provoking question: Appeal to the reader that your subject is bigger than your essay. Comment on any one of these: The future Which choice should be made Why is your subject important Wouldn’t La Jolla Shores be the beach of choice for anyone who wants to experience an enjoyable day by the ocean? 3. A prediction or recommendation Even with its growing popularity, La Jolla Shores will always be the most pleasant beach experiences San Diego has to offer. Outline Form for Essays

Marketing And Managing A Destination Tourism Essay Essay Example

Marketing And Managing A Destination Tourism Essay Essay Finishs are countries that attract and accommodate visitants temporarily. Finishs may change from: continents, states, provinces, states, metropoliss, small towns and resort countries. ( Pike, 2004 ) There are a figure of grounds why individuals travel, some of which may include: to see household and friends, concern related, for relaxation, love affair and more. ( Merith, 2009 ) In order to maintain a sustainable and competitory finish merchandise, it must be decently marketed and managed. Selling AND MANAGING A Finish What is Marketing? We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing And Managing A Destination Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing And Managing A Destination Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing And Managing A Destination Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Selling is referred to as a societal procedure by which persons and organisations obtain their necessities through making and interchanging values with other. ( Kotler A ; Armstrong, 2010 ) Marketing a finish is a critical component in accomplishing the chief nonsubjective and keeping a comfortable tourer finish. ( Howie, 2003 ) ( Middleton, 1998 ) referred to a touristry merchandise as a combination of merchandises and services provided by a finish. A selling mix includes the 4 P s ( Place, monetary value, merchandise and publicity ) which are utilised to explicate schemes to market a finish or merchandise. Convention and Visitors Bureau What is a Convention and Visitors Bureau? Convention and Visitors Bureaus are organisations whose duty is to advance touristry at local and regional degrees. Functions and Responsibility of the Convention and Visitors Bureau The CVB has four chief duties. They are: To promote organisations to host meetings, conventions, events and tradeshows in the country it represents every bit good as aid those groups with meeting or event readyings and while their meeting or event is in advancement. To function as the community s selling bureau by advancing the county s resources to visitants to positively impact the local economic system. To carry tourers to see and bask the all the chances the finish has to offer. To stand for a specific finish and assist the development of communities through long term travel and touristry schemes. A Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //kycvb.com/what_is_a_CVB.htm A The Jamaica Tourist Board The Convention and Visitors Bureau of Jamaica is the Jamaica Tourist Board. It was established in 1955 with its chief office located in Kingston and two other subdivisions in Ocho Rios and Montego Bay. The Jamaica Tourist Board, with the aid of other bureaus contributes to marketing Jamaica as a finish for visitants appeal by the usage of assorted schemes. Schemes USED BY THE JAMAICA TOURIST BOARD TO MARKET AND MANAGE JAMAICA AS A DESTINATION To market Jamaica for visitants entreaty, the Jamaica Tourist Board can set in to consequence the undermentioned schemes: Liaise with private organisations within the Tourism Industry to advance Jamaica as the figure one finish for holidaying. Encourage patterning bureaus to carry on some of their picture or exposure shoots in Jamaica that would be televised worldwide therefore supplying the island with a more competitory advantage. Make a web site that can be accessed worldwide to showcase the beauty of the island every bit good as attractive forces that will fascinate possible visitants. Implement constabularies to guarantee that tourer attractive forces are ever environmentally friendly. Focus more on the development community-based touristry to showcase the island s rich civilization and heritage and the heat and friendliness of Jamaicans. SWOT ANALYSIS A SWOT analysis was conducted based on the schemes that were used supra. Strengths Provides exposure of our civilization, heritage and people. The creative activity of the website marks a wider market portion. Failing Residence may object to holding their community being used as tourer finish. Lack of human resources. Opportunities Provides more employment and gross to profit the economic system. Partnering with private sectors provides more fiscal aid in marketing the finish. Dainties Resentment towards tourers. Increase in competition. Selling Plan A Selling Plan is a concern papers developed to sketch clear prioritization of marketing aims and schemes. ( McDonald A ; Keegan, 2002 ) In Tourism, a selling program important because it assist in determining the walls of the concern before really puting up the foundations. ( Mountifield, 2009 ) By developing a selling program, the concern is able to set up clear aims to measure the effectivity of the selling tools or techniques used. It administers the way of the concern s selling purpose. Alternatively of blowing clip on uneffective selling exercisings, a selling program would hold prevented that from go oning. ( Mountifield, 2009 ) A budget is besides an of import necessity when developing a market program. Reason being, the budget would allow the selling squad cognize how much money is available to effectually pass on the undertaking. Basically the budget would be indispensable for the planning of disbursals. ( Mountifield, 2009 ) The selling program would besides incorporate selling schemes that would lend to the acknowledgment of a concern s trade name every bit good as the merchandise and services it has to offer. When developing a concern program, the selling squad is able to aim a specific market through market cleavage, therefore giving the concern the capableness of pulling new types of clients worldwide. Planing an effectual touristry selling program would besides help in raising money for outgo. ( Mountifield, 2009 ) When developing a finish selling program, there are a figure processes or phases involved with its development. These include: Research and Planning Process Analysis Procedure Implementing Stage Procedure Monitoring A ; Evaluation Process Selling Plan PROCESSES External Players THAT ASSISTS THE JAMAICAN TOURIST BOARD The Jamaican Tourist Board is the Convention and Visitors Bureau of Jamaica. In implementing of a Destination Marketing Plan, the Jamaica Tourist Board is assisted by bureaus and organisations under the Ministry of Tourism. These include: World Tourism Organization Florida Caribbean Cruise Associations Jamaica Hotel and Tourist Association Caribbean Tourism Organization Caribbean Hotel A ; Tourism Association Howie, F. ( 2003 ) . Selling And The Tourist Destination. London: Thomson Learning. Kotler, P. , A ; Armstrong, G. M. ( 2010 ) . Principle of Marketing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. McDonald, M. H. , A ; Keegan, W. J. ( 2002 ) . Marketing Plans That Work: Targeting Growth and Profitability. Elsiver: Butterworth-Heinemann. Merith, S. ( 2009, August 4 ) . Ezine Articles. Retrieved November 2, 2012, from www.ezinearticles.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? 10-Reasons-Why-People-Travel A ; id=2710271 Middleton, V. T. ( 1998 ) . Sustainable Tourism. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. Mountifield, K. ( 2009, September 4 ) . Digital Landscape. Retrieved November 15, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.digital-landscape.co.uk: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.digital-landscape.co.uk/the-importance-of-having-a-marketing-plan-and-acting-on-it.html Pike, S. ( 2004 ) . Destination selling administrations. Elsevier: Progresss in Tourism Research.